Nasopharyngeal Cancer

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Anatomy of the pharynx; drawing shows the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx. Also shown are the nasal cavity, oral cavity, hyoid bone, larynx, esophagus, and trachea. In the United States, nasopharyngeal cancer is rare, with less than one case diagnosed for every 100,000 people each year. While the overall incidence is low, certain ethnic and geographic groups have a significantly higher risk.

Latest nasopharyngeal cancer data

There were 120,434 new cases of nasopharyngeal cancer in 2022. The tables below give information about the countries with the highest rates, incidence and mortality from nasopharyngeal cancer.

Nasopharyngeal cancer age-standardised rates

Age-standardised rates (ASR) are a summary measure of the rate of disease that a population would have if it had a standard age structure. Standardisation is necessary when comparing populations that differ with respect to age because age has a powerful influence on the risk of developing/dying from cancer.

It is important to note that some countries have a high ASR but a low total number of cases, while other have a low ASR but a high number of cases. This is because ASRs are reported per 100,000 people. So, for example, an ASR of 10 in a population of 100,000 = 10 cases of cancer, but an ASR of 1 in a population of 10 million = 100 cases.

The following table gives the top 5 countries by ASR for nasopharyngeal cancer incidence for both sexes combined.

Country	New cases 2022	ASR
Maldives	36	7.5
Brunei	32	6.4
Indonesia	18,835	6.1
Malaysia	2,144	5.9
Singapore	540	5.4

The following tables give the top 5 countries by ASR for nasopharyngeal cancer incidence for men and women in 2022.

Country	New cases in men	ASR
Maldives	29	10.8
Indonesia	14,497	9.6
Malaysia	1,634	8.9
Brunei	22	8.7
Singapore	417	8.0

Country	New cases in women	ASR
Brunei	10	4.0
Maldives	7	3.5
Indonesia	4,338	2.8
Malaysia	510	2.8
Laos	85	2.7

Nasopharyngeal cancer incidence (cases)

China, Indonesia and India had the highest number of nasopharyngeal cancer cases in 2022.

The following 3 tables show the 10 countries with the highest nasopharyngeal cancer incidence in 2022 – 1st for both sexes, then men and women separately. We have also included the ASRs for each of these countries.

Rank	Country	New cases	ASR/100,000
	World	120,434	1.3
1	China	51,010	2.4
2	Indonesia	18,385	6.1
3	India	6,519	0.5
4	Vietnam	5,613	4.7
5	Philippines	3,684	3.5
6	Thailand	2,350	2.2
7	Malaysia	2,144	5.9
8	Myanmar	2,097	3.5
9	US	2,008	0.4
10	Algeria	1,608	3.5

Rank	Country	New cases in men	ASR/100,000
	World	86,289	1.9
1	China	35.656	3.4
2	Indonesia	14,497	9.6
3	India	4,275	0.6
4	Vietnam	4,003	7.1
5	Philippines	2,539	5.2
6	Thailand	1,687	3.3
7	Malaysia	1,634	8.9
8	US	1,420	0.6
9	Myanmar	1,400	5.1
10	Algeria	1,109	4.8

Rank	Country	New cases in women	ASR/100,000
	World	34,145	0.7
1	China	14,354	1.3
2	Indonesia	4,338	2.8
3	India	2,244	0.3
4	Vietnam	1,610	2.5
5	Philippines	1,145	2.1
6	Myanmar	697	2.1
7	Thailand	663	1.2
8	US	588	0.2
9	Malaysia	510	2.8
10	Algeria	499	2.2

Nasopharyngeal cancer deaths

China, Indonesia and India had the highest number of deaths from nasopharyngeal cancer in 2022.

The following 3 tables show the 10 countries with the highest number of nasopharyngeal cancer deaths in 2022 – 1st for both sexes, then men and women separately. We have also included the ASRs for each of these countries.

Rank	Country	Number	ASR/100,000
	World	73,482	0.8
1	China	28,408	1.2
2	Indonesia	12,949	4.3
3	India	4,780	0.3
4	Vietnam	3,453	2.9
5	Philippines	2,306	2.3
6	Thailand	1,506	1.3
7	Malaysia	1,496	4.2
8	Myanmar	1,443	2.4
9	Nigeria	1,092	0.9
10	Algeria	971	2.2

Rank	Country	Number in men	ASR/100,000
	World	54,104	1.2
1	China	21,181	1.8
2	Indonesia	10,251	7.0
3	India	3,136	0.4
4	Vietnam	2,465	4.5
5	Philippines	1,690	3.7
6	Malaysia	1,174	6.5
7	Thailand	1,084	2.0
8	Myanmar	990	3.7
9	Nigeria	754	1.4
10	Algeria	682	3.1

Rank	Country	Number in women	ASR/100,000
	World	19,378	0.4
1	China	7,127	0.6
2	Indonesia	2,698	1.7
3	India	1,644	0.2
4	Vietnam	988	1.5
5	Philippines	616	1.1
6	Myanmar	453	1.4
7	Thailand	422	0.7
8	Nigeria	338	0.5
9	Malaysia	322	1.8
10	Algeria	289	1.3

General Clinical Manifestations

Epistaxis, usually a small amount of Blood (initial stage)
Nasal obstruction (early stage)
Tumor in the nose
Tinnitus
Deafness
Masses of the neck
Vernet's syndrome
Platoplegia
Asymmetry of the palate
Disappearance of the mouth opening
Migraines
Dysphagia
Choking sensation while drinking
Hoarseness
Exophthalmos
Blindness
Usually asymptomatic at the early stage
The tumor may appear as a cauliflower-like nodule or ulceration on the nasopharynx or as membrane erosion of abnormal color
If the tumor infiltrates to the submucosal layer, the surface of the membrane will be smooth and the nasopharynx will be depressed
Cranial nerve involvement is reflected by:
Paralysis of the eyeball
Facial hypothesia or hypoalgesia
Difficulty opening the mouth
Inclination of the tongue when it protrudes
Aphasia
Paralysis of the soft palate
Disappearance of the gullet response

Clinical Manifestations For Wind-Heat Attacking the Lungs	Epistaxis, usually a small amount of Blood (initial stage) Nasal obstruction (early stage) Tumor in the nose Tinnitus Deafness Masses of the neck Vernet's syndrome Platoplegia Asymmetry of the palate Disappearance of the mouth opening Migraines Dysphagia Choking sensation while drinking Hoarseness Exophthalmos Blindness Usually asymptomatic at the early stage The tumor may appear as a cauliflower-like nodule or ulceration on the nasopharynx or as membrane erosion of abnormal color If the tumor infiltrates to the submucosal layer, the surface of the membrane will be smooth and the nasopharynx will be depressed	Cranial nerve involvement is reflected by: Paralysis of the eyeball Facial hypothesia or hypoalgesia Difficulty opening the mouth Inclination of the tongue when it protrudes Aphasia Paralysis of the soft palate Disappearance of the gullet response Fever and chills Maybe fever only Achiness Anhidrosis Headache Cough Asthma Aversion to Cold Edema Thirst Restlessness Irritability Fidgeting Constipation Sometimes dry achy eyes T: Normal or red C: Yellow or white P: Floating and tight or rapid
Treatment Principle	Expel Wind Disperse Cold Cool Heat
Herb Formulas	Cocklebur Angelica Dahuricae Decoction

Cocklebur			Disperses Wind, dispels Dampness and opens the nasal passages. With Magonila flower, unblocks the nasal passages and treats headache and profuse nasal discharge.
Flos Magnoliae			Expels Wind-Cold and unblocks the nasal passages. This is the most essential herb in the treatment of nasal and sinus conditions, In addition, this is an excellent herb to use for external facial cream for chloasma.
Radix Angelicae Dahuricae			Releases the exterior, disperses Cold, opens the nasal orifices, disperses Wind-Dampness, alleviates pain and headache, reduces swelling and expels pus. With Cocklebur and Magnoliae Flower, for headache due to nasal congestion with thick putrid discharge.
Herba Menthae			Disperses Wind-Heat, clears the head and eyes and benefits the throat.

Directions: First soak the herbal decoction in a gallon of water for 20 minutes. Next add the Magnoliae flower but place it in the Muslin small bag, then boil for 17 minutes, leave the tea on and add the Mint and let it boil with the rest of the herbs for three minutes, afterward, strain and drink one cup with each meal.

For Women: Drink a 2-3 cups daily a week before your scheduled cycle.

SAFETY

- Consult your herbalist or physician before use if you are taking other medications or receiving other medical treatments.

DISCLAIMER

Individual results may vary. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. The statements on this website and all affiliates have not been evaluated by the FDA. Advice on treatment or care of an individual patient should be obtained through consultation with a trained health care practitioner.

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